What is the liquid that evaporates inside the refrigerator to "create" the cold temperature?
Answer: refrigerant
What is the liquid that evaporates inside the refrigerator to "create" the cold temperature?
Answer: refrigerant
Answer: refrigerant
Where do you think would the heating degree days would be the highest?
Where do you think would the heating degree days would be the highest?
Answer: north pole
Which of the following is an indicator of heating requirements?
Which of the following is an indicator of heating requirements?
Answer: HDD
How can energy usage due to water heating be minimized?
How can energy usage due to water heating be minimized?
A) By turning the water heater thermostat temperature down
B) By taking a shower instead of a dip in bath tub
C) By not using running water while brushing your teeth
Which of these do not require a medium in transferring heat?
Which of these do not require a medium in transferring heat?
Answer: radiation
Which one of the following is not a mode of heat transfer?
Which one of the following is not a mode of heat transfer?
Answer: translation
Which component of a refrigerator lowers the temperature of the refrigerant?
Which component of a refrigerator lowers the temperature of the refrigerant?
Answer: expansion valve
Which energy source is used most for US home heating?
Which energy source is used most for US home heating?
Answer: natural gas
How is light produced?
How is light produced?
Answer: collision of moving particle with the atom
Which primary energy source contributes the most to home heating requirements?
Which primary energy source contributes the most to home heating requirements?
Answer: natural gas
How can passive energy be utilized?
How can passive energy be utilized?
Answer: put more windows on the sunny side of the house (south)
Which is the largest portion of energy consumed by homes?
Which is the largest portion of energy consumed by homes?
Answer: space heating
An automobile engine gives 35,000 BTUs of mechanical energy from 100,000 BTUs of fuel. The transmission, axles and tires deliver 30,000 BTUs of mechanical energy to the highway, moving the car forward. What is the overall efficiency of this vehicle?
An automobile engine gives 35,000 BTUs of mechanical energy from 100,000 BTUs of fuel. The transmission, axles and tires deliver 30,000 BTUs of mechanical energy to the highway, moving the car forward. What is the overall efficiency of this vehicle?
Answer: 30%
In a car, the non-useful, waste energy output is in the form of __________ energy.
In a car, the non-useful, waste energy output is in the form of __________ energy.
Answer: thermal/heat
Which energy conversion device typically has the lowest energy efficiency?
Which energy conversion device typically has the lowest energy efficiency?
Answer: automobile engine
The potential energy stored in the bonds that hold molecules together is called ________ energy.
The potential energy stored in the bonds that hold molecules together is called ________ energy.
Answer: chemical
Energy demand is a/an
Energy demand is a/an
Answer: exponential function - longer it goes, the more rapidly it grows
If the energy input of a system is 200 calories and its useful output is 36 calories, what is the efficiency of the system?
If the energy input of a system is 200 calories and its useful output is 36 calories, what is the efficiency of the system?
Answer: 0.18
The useful output from a heat engine is 962 joules. The energy that is wasted is 4428 J? What is the efficiency of the engine?
The useful output from a heat engine is 962 joules. The energy that is wasted is 4428 J? What is the efficiency of the engine?
Answer: 0.1784
A watt is a unit of?
A watt is a unit of?
Answer: power
Worldwide, we expect the use of which energy resource to decrease over the next 20 years?
Worldwide, we expect the use of which energy resource to decrease over the next 20 years?
A) Nuclear
B) Coal
C) Hydroelectric
Answer: NONE
In a light bulb, the non-useful, waste energy output is in the form of __________ energy.
In a light bulb, the non-useful, waste energy output is in the form of __________ energy.
Answer: thermal/heat
In the process of mining coal, the useful energy output is in the form of __________ energy.
In the process of mining coal, the useful energy output is in the form of __________ energy.
Answer: chemical
21 million Joules of chemical energy are supplied to a boiler in a power plant. 5,000,000 Joules of energy are lost up the smokestack. The boiler radiates 1.5 million Joules of heat to the atmosphere. What is the efficiency of the boiler?
21 million Joules of chemical energy are supplied to a boiler in a power plant. 5,000,000 Joules of energy are lost up the smokestack. The boiler radiates 1.5 million Joules of heat to the atmosphere. What is the efficiency of the boiler?
Answer: 0.690
In a car, the useful energy output is in the form of _____ energy.
In a car, the useful energy output is in the form of _____ energy.
Answer: mechanical
Which primary energy resource contributes the most to the production of electricity in the US?
Which primary energy resource contributes the most to the production of electricity in the US?
Answer: coal
Three energy conversion processes take place in succession. The first has an efficiency of 51%, the second is 50% efficient, and the third 10%. What is the efficiency of the entire process?
Three energy conversion processes take place in succession. The first has an efficiency of 51%, the second is 50% efficient, and the third 10%. What is the efficiency of the entire process?
Answer: 0.0255
What is doubling time?
What is doubling time?
Answer: time during which the initial quantity increases by a factor of two
Large energy companies have drilled thousands of wells to exploit the Marcellus Shale formation. A Pennsylvania motel operator finds that her previously struggling motel is suddenly fully booked most of the time with people who are working for these natural gas operations. This is an example of
Large energy companies have drilled thousands of wells to exploit the Marcellus Shale formation. A Pennsylvania motel operator finds that her previously struggling motel is suddenly fully booked most of the time with people who are working for these natural gas operations. This is an example of
Answer: an externality
The quantity of an energy source that is known to exist and that can be economically recovered is called?
The quantity of an energy source that is known to exist and that can be economically recovered is called?
Answer: reserve
When analyzing how much energy is required to produce an energy product, e.g. ethanol from corn, we are talking about?
When analyzing how much energy is required to produce an energy product, e.g. ethanol from corn, we are talking about?
Answer: energy return on energy invested-EROI
If the world demand for energy is growing at the rate of 10% per year, when would we expect the energy demand to be twice today's?
If the world demand for energy is growing at the rate of 10% per year, when would we expect the energy demand to be twice today's?
Answer: 7 years
In a light bulb, the useful energy output is in the form of ______ energy.
In a light bulb, the useful energy output is in the form of ______ energy.
Answer: radiation
Which sector of the US economy uses energy the least efficiently?
Which sector of the US economy uses energy the least efficiently?
Answer: transportation
In the US, we rely less on energy from _______ than in earlier decades?
In the US, we rely less on energy from _______ than in earlier decades?
Answer: wood
Which of the following is not a unit of energy?
Which of the following is not a unit of energy?
Answer: watts
Work done is measured as
Work done is measured as
Answer: the force against an object times the distance it moved
A pound of chicken contains 306 calories of chemical energy. 3,439 calories were used to produce and deliver that chicken to you. This 3,439 calories is an example of
A pound of chicken contains 306 calories of chemical energy. 3,439 calories were used to produce and deliver that chicken to you. This 3,439 calories is an example of
Answer: embedded energy
What is the function of a generator in a power plant?
What is the function of a generator in a power plant?
Answer: convert mechanical energy to electrical energy
The weight of Bill's pack as he sets off on a backpacking trip is 48.3 lb.
The weight of Bill's pack as he sets off on a backpacking trip is 48.3 lb.
Answer: continuous data
The temperature of a cup of coffee is 67.3°F.
The temperature of a cup of coffee is 67.3°F.
Answer: continuous data
The number of freshmen entering college in a certain year is 621.
The number of freshmen entering college in a certain year is 621.
Answer: discrete data
A town obtains current employment data by polling 10,000 of its citizens this month.
A town obtains current employment data by polling 10,000 of its citizens this month.
Answer: cross-sectional
The National Children's study began in 2005 tracking 100,000 children to age 21.
The National Children's study began in 2005 tracking 100,000 children to age 21.
Answer: prospective
A statistical analyst obtains data about ankle injuries by examining a hospital's records from the past 3 years.
A statistical analyst obtains data about ankle injuries by examining a hospital's records from the past 3 years.
Answer: retrospective
The number of _____ in a certain amount of time or area.
The number of _____ in a certain amount of time or area.
Answer: Poisson
An education researcher randomly selects 48 middle schools and interviews all the teachers at each school.
An education researcher randomly selects 48 middle schools and interviews all the teachers at each school.
Answer: cluster
To avoid working late, a quality control analyst simply inspects the first 100 items produced in a day.
To avoid working late, a quality control analyst simply inspects the first 100 items produced in a day.
Answer: convenience
A tax auditor selects every 1000th income tax return that is received.
A tax auditor selects every 1000th income tax return that is received.
Answer: systematic
A market researcher selects 500 people from each of 10 cities.
A market researcher selects 500 people from each of 10 cities.
Answer: stratified
How does GABA cause inhibition?
How does GABA cause inhibition?
Answer: Increasing the flow of Cl- ions into cells.
How do Benzodiazepines work?
How do Benzodiazepines work?
Answer: Anxiolytics; Co-activators of GABA
Describe how ADHD medications alter the brain?
Describe how ADHD medications alter the brain?
Answer: Flooding the brain with dopamine will lead to desensitizes post-synaptic receptors.
Why is ADHD treatment considered paradoxical?
Why is ADHD treatment considered paradoxical?
Answer: Dopamine-stimulating drugs would cause hyperactivity in normal patients.
What is the most effective treatment for ADHD?
What is the most effective treatment for ADHD?
Answer: Indirect dopamine agonists (co-agonists)
Why are combination treatment effective in Bipolar Disorder?
Why are combination treatment effective in Bipolar Disorder?
Answer:
- Antipsychotics regulate mood
- Antidepressants stabilize mood
What antipsychotic alone can treat bipolar disorder?
What antipsychotic alone can treat bipolar disorder?
Answer: Risperidone (atypical antipsychotic)
What are the 2 treatments used for bipolar disorder?
What are the 2 treatments used for bipolar disorder?
Answer:
- Lithium.
- Antipsychotic/Antidepressant combination.
How does the transition of cycles in bipolar disorder change as the disease progresses?
How does the transition of cycles in bipolar disorder change as the disease progresses?
Answer: Longer cycles during early stages and more rapid cycles later on
Bipolar Disorder is characterized by:
Bipolar Disorder is characterized by:
Answer: period of alternation mania and depression
What type of rhythm does melatonin secretion follow and where?
What type of rhythm does melatonin secretion follow and where?
Answer: Circadian Rhythm in the SCN.
How can phototherapy treat SAD?
How can phototherapy treat SAD?
Answer: By suppressing melatonin in the day which is though to aid SAD.
What does the relationships between HPA and Depression suggest?
What does the relationships between HPA and Depression suggest?
Answer: relationship between stress and depression.
What is Cushing's Syndrome caused by?
What is Cushing's Syndrome caused by?
Answer: High levels of adrenal glucocorticoids that lead to depression.
What is the benefit of using SSRIs to treat depression?
What is the benefit of using SSRIs to treat depression?
Answer: They do not affect dopamine or NE synapses.
What monoamine is most likely to play a role in depression?
What monoamine is most likely to play a role in depression?
Answer: Serotonin
How is Schizophrenia diagnosed?
How is Schizophrenia diagnosed?
Answer: Smooth pursuit of eye movements exam.
What is the relationship between stress and Schizophrenia?
What is the relationship between stress and Schizophrenia?
Answer: A person with genetic susceptibility to the disease is more likely to develop it if exposed to stressful environment.
What are the advantages of glycine?
What are the advantages of glycine?
Answer: Treat negative symptoms & cognitive dysfunction
What type of drug is Glycine and what is it used to treat?
What type of drug is Glycine and what is it used to treat?
Answer:
- Co-agonist of NMDA receptors.
- Increases the signal for glutamate without overstimulating the receptor.
Why would it be dangerous to use direct agonists of NMDA receptors?
Why would it be dangerous to use direct agonists of NMDA receptors?
Answer: Hyper activation can lead to brain damage.
What can we conclude from NMDA antagonist action in PCP?
What can we conclude from NMDA antagonist action in PCP?
Answer: Suggests that NMDA/Glutamate are down regulated in Schizophrenia.
Why is PCP considered a psychomimetic?
Why is PCP considered a psychomimetic?
Answer: Produces both positive and negative symptoms of Schizophrenia.
What is the advantage of using Atypical Antipsychotics?
What is the advantage of using Atypical Antipsychotics?
Answer:
- Less likelihood of motor side-effects.
- Effective at treating both positive and negative symptoms but not cognitive dysfunction.
Atypical Antipsychotics have a higher affinity for ________ receptors.
Atypical Antipsychotics have a higher affinity for ________ receptors.
Answer: Serotonin
Supersensitivity Psychosis results from _______ of DA receptors during treatment.
Supersensitivity Psychosis results from _______ of DA receptors during treatment.
Answer: upregulation
Tardive Dyskinesia is the result of receptor ________ after chronic treatment with __________.
Tardive Dyskinesia is the result of receptor ________ after chronic treatment with __________.
Answer: sensitization, typical antipsychotics
Why do typical antipsychotics result in Parkinson's-like symptoms?
Why do typical antipsychotics result in Parkinson's-like symptoms?
Answer: Blocking dopamine in motor systems of the basal ganglia
What are the side effects of typical antipsychotics?
What are the side effects of typical antipsychotics?
Answer:
Parkinsons-like Symptoms - blocking dopamine in motor systems.
Tardive Dyskinesia.
What symptoms do typical antipsychotics treat?
What symptoms do typical antipsychotics treat?
Answer: Positive Symptoms
1st and 2nd generations of Schizophrenia drugs differ in what 3 factors?
1st and 2nd generations of Schizophrenia drugs differ in what 3 factors?
Answer: NT systems, effects on symptoms, side effects
Adolescents with schizophrenia have __________ of gray matter.
Adolescents with schizophrenia have __________ of gray matter.
Answer: accelerated loss.
Cortical abnormalities of Schizophrenia?
Cortical abnormalities of Schizophrenia?
Answer: thicker corpus callosum and loss of grey matter in the frontal lobe
Schizophrenics cells in the hippocampus have a _________ arrangement.
Schizophrenics cells in the hippocampus have a _________ arrangement.
Answer: disorganized
What 2 brain regions are smaller in Schizophrenics?
What 2 brain regions are smaller in Schizophrenics?
Answer: Hippocampus & Amygdala
A mutation in _______ can lead to enlarged ventricles.
A mutation in _______ can lead to enlarged ventricles.
Answer: DISC1 gene
What structural changes are seen in patients with Schizophrenia ?
What structural changes are seen in patients with Schizophrenia ?
Answer: Enlarged Ventricles that result in less brain matter.
T/F: Older fathers are more likely to have a son with Schizophrenia.
T/F: Older fathers are more likely to have a son with Schizophrenia.
Answer: True
T/F: A single gene has been identified to cause Schizophrenia.
T/F: A single gene has been identified to cause Schizophrenia.
Answer: False; its a subset or family of genes
Schizophrenia is thought to have an associated Endophenotype. What does this mean?
Schizophrenia is thought to have an associated Endophenotype. What does this mean?
Answer: A group of behavioral or physical characteristics accompanied by a an inherited susceptibility to a particular disorder.
What other factors contribute to the development of Schizophrenia ?
What other factors contribute to the development of Schizophrenia ?
Answer:
- environmental factors
- developmental difficulties (low birth weight)
If only one twin suffers from Schizophrenia they are ______ for the disease.
If only one twin suffers from Schizophrenia they are ______ for the disease.
Answer: Discordant
If both twins suffer from Schizophrenia they are ___________ for the disease.
If both twins suffer from Schizophrenia they are ___________ for the disease.
Answer: Concordant
T/F: Schizophrenia is partially hereditary.
T/F: Schizophrenia is partially hereditary.
Answer: True
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia resemble __________.
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia resemble __________.
Answer: Depression
Opioid receptors respond to what?
Opioid receptors respond to what?
Answer: opiates, opioid
Opioids are ______ and opiates are _______.
Opioids are ______ and opiates are _______.
Answer: endogenous, drugs
______ transmits the sensation of pain and temperature.
______ transmits the sensation of pain and temperature.
Answer: Spinothalamic.
_____ can be changed by experience.
_____ can be changed by experience.
Answer: receptive fields
The cortical map represents ______ of that region.
The cortical map represents ______ of that region.
Answer: innervation
Each column in the somatosensory cortex receives input from _________.
Each column in the somatosensory cortex receives input from _________.
Answer: 1 type of receptor
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